Saturday, October 30, 2010

EXAMINATION TIMETABLE - THIRD SEMESTER



LAB EXAMINATION


01-11-2010
DATA STRUCTURES

02-11-2010 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING.

03-11-2010 DIGITAL PRINCIPLES & SYSTEM DESIGN.

THEORY EXAMINATION

10-11-2010 DIGITAL PRINCIPLES & SYSTEM DESIGN.

12-11-2010 ANALOG & DIGITAL COMMUNICATION.

15-11-2010 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING.

18-11-2010 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING.

20-11-2010 DATA STRUCTURES.

23-11-2010 TRANSFORMS & PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS.

Your's friendly,

[MOHANRAM.G],
ADMIN...

DPSD LAB QUESTIONS-MODEL ONLY



NOTE: CSE-A

Preparation Guidelines:

FROM:SIVAGAMI MADAM

  • · Simplification of Boolean expression and implementing it normally or using only NAND gates or only NOR gates or only OR gates
  • · Design of Combinational Circuits, ex: complementor , majority circuit, etc..

Or given 3 inputs, 1 output, the output will be logic 1 under some situation, etc..

  • · Code convertors: from one to other in the following.

o Binary

o Gray

o BCD

o XS3

  • · Implement a Boolean function in multiplexer or decoder or demultiplexer
  • · The questions will be in indirect form. Ex: Design a data selector….. Design a data distributor, etc.
  • · Study all the lab exercises well.
  • · Remember for asynchronous(ripple) counter, clock pulse is given to the CLK input of the first flip-flop alone.
  • · Mark Split up

Experimental Setup (30)

Execution of Practical (30)

Concluding Activities (30)

Viva Voce (10)

Total (100)

  • · Wear the lab uniform and shoes without fail
  • · First batch be ready by 8.45 AM, Second batch by 10.30 AM and third batch by 12.30PM

Your's friendly,

[MOHANRAM.G],
ADMIN...

SIMPLE C++ PROGRAMS



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A C++ PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT PALINDROME CHECK WITHOUT CLASSES

COMPILER EMPLOYED: DEV C++ COMPILER-4.9.9.2

SOURCE FILE SIZE :3 kb

EXE FILE SIZE :580 kb

NOTE: PLEASE INCLUDE THE DESIRED HEADER FILE

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C++ PROGRAM SOURCE & EXE DOWNLOAD:

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DISCLAIMER: The following program cannot be ensured of perfection.so any flaws in the program can be notified in the comments section.


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A C++ PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT BANK OPERATIONS WITH CLASSES

COMPILER EMPLOYED: DEV C++ COMPILER-4.9.9.2

SOURCE FILE SIZE :3 kb

EXE FILE SIZE :580 kb

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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C++ PROGRAM SOURCE & EXE DOWNLOAD:

Click download button to download

DISCLAIMER: The following program cannot be ensured of perfection.so any flaws in the program can be notified in the comments section.

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A C++ PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT EMPLOYEE PAYROLL WITH CLASSES

COMPILER EMPLOYED: DEV C++ COMPILER-4.9.9.2

SOURCE FILE SIZE :3 kb

EXE FILE SIZE :580 kb

NOTE: PLEASE INCLUDE THE DESIRED HEADER FILE

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C++ PROGRAM SOURCE & EXE DOWNLOAD:

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DISCLAIMER: The following program cannot be ensured of perfection.so any flaws in the program can be notified in the comments section.

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Your's friendly,

[MOHANRAM.G],
ADMIN...

OBJECT ORIENTED OPERATIONS



FUNCTION OVERLOADING

You overload a function name f by declaring more than one function with the name f in the same scope. The declarations of f must differ from each other by the types and/or the number of arguments in the argument list. When you call an overloaded function named f, the correct function is selected by comparing the argument list of the function call with the parameter list of each of the overloaded candidate functions with the name f. A candidate function is a function that can be called based on the context of the call of the overloaded function name.

DEFAULT ARGUMENTS

The default argument must be implicitly convertible to the parameter type.

A pointer to a function must have the same type as the function. Attempts to take the address of a function by reference without specifying the type of the function will produce an error. The type of a function is not affected by arguments with default values.

STATIC MEMBERS

Objects declared with the static storage class specifier have static storage duration, which means that memory for these objects is allocated when the program begins running and is freed when the program terminates. Static storage duration for a variable is different from file or global scope: a variable can have static duration but local scope.

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A C++ PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT OBJECT ORIENTED OPERATIONS

COMPILER EMPLOYED: DEV C++ COMPILER-4.9.9.2

SOURCE FILE SIZE :3 kb

EXE FILE SIZE :579 kb

NOTE: PLEASE INCLUDE THE DESIRED HEADER FILE

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C++ PROGRAM SOURCE & EXE DOWNLOAD:

Click download button to download

DISCLAIMER: The following program cannot be ensured of perfection.so any flaws in the program can be notified in the comments section.


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Your's friendly,

[MOHANRAM.G],
ADMIN...

LOCAL & NESTED CLASSES



LOCAL CLASSES

A local class is declared within a function definition. Declarations in a local class can only use type names, enumerations, static variables from the enclosing scope, as well as external variables and functions.

Member functions of a local class have to be defined within their class definition, if they are defined at all. As a result, member functions of a local class are inline functions. Like all member functions, those defined within the scope of a local class do not need the keyword inline.

A local class cannot have static data members.

NESTED CLASSES

A nested class is declared within the scope of another class. The name of a nested class is local to its enclosing class. Unless you use explicit pointers, references, or object names, declarations in a nested class can only use visible constructs, including type names, static members, and enumerators from the enclosing class and global variables.

Member functions of a nested class follow regular access rules and have no special access privileges to members of their enclosing classes. Member functions of the enclosing class have no special access to members of a nested class.

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A C++ PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT LOCAL & NESTED CLASSES

COMPILER EMPLOYED: DEV C++ COMPILER-4.9.9.2

SOURCE FILE SIZE :4 kb

EXE FILE SIZE :577 kb

NOTE: PLEASE INCLUDE THE DESIRED HEADER FILE

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C++ PROGRAM SOURCE & EXE DOWNLOAD:

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DISCLAIMER: The following program cannot be ensured of perfection.so any flaws in the program can be notified in the comments section.


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Your's friendly,

[MOHANRAM.G],
ADMIN...

FRIEND FUNCTION-MATRIX VECTOR MULTIPLICATION


A friend of a class X is a function or class that is not a member of X, but is granted the same access to X as the members of X. Functions declared with the friend specifier in a class member list are called friend functions of that class. Classes declared with the friend specifier in the member list of another class are called friend classes of that class.

A class Y must be defined before any member of Y can be declared a friend of another class.

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A C++ PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT FRIEND FUNCTION - MATRIX VECTOR MULTIPLICATION

COMPILER EMPLOYED: DEV C++ COMPILER-4.9.9.2

SOURCE FILE SIZE :3 kb

EXE FILE SIZE :466 kb

NOTE: PLEASE INCLUDE THE DESIRED HEADER FILE

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C++ PROGRAM SOURCE & EXE DOWNLOAD:

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DISCLAIMER: The following program cannot be ensured of perfection.so any flaws in the program can be notified in the comments section.


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Your's friendly,

[MOHANRAM.G],
ADMIN...

OVERLOADING-OPERATORS



You can redefine or overload the function of most built-in operators in C++. These operators can be overloaded globally or on a class-by-class basis. Overloaded operators are implemented as functions and can be member functions or global functions.

Operator overloading involving vector types is not supported.

An overloaded operator is called an operator function. You declare an operator function with the keyword operator preceding the operator. Overloaded operators are distinct from overloaded functions, but like overloaded functions, they are distinguished by the number and types of operands used with the operator.

Consider the standard + (plus) operator. When this operator is used with operands of different standard types, the operators have slightly different meanings. For example, the addition of two integers is not implemented in the same way as the addition of two floating-point numbers. C++ allows you to define your own meanings for the standard C++ operators when they are applied to class types
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A C++ PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT OPERATOR OVERLOADING IN COMPLEX ARITHMETIC

COMPILER EMPLOYED: DEV C++ COMPILER-4.9.9.2

SOURCE FILE SIZE :3 kb

EXE FILE SIZE :580 kb

NOTE: PLEASE INCLUDE THE DESIRED HEADER FILE

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C++ PROGRAM SOURCE & EXE DOWNLOAD:

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DISCLAIMER: The following program cannot be ensured of perfection.so any flaws in the program can be notified in the comments section.


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A C++ PROGRAM TO OVERLOAD NEW & DELETE OPERATOR

COMPILER EMPLOYED: DEV C++ COMPILER-4.9.9.2

SOURCE FILE SIZE :3 kb

EXE FILE SIZE :580 kb

NOTE: PLEASE INCLUDE THE DESIRED HEADER FILE

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C++ PROGRAM SOURCE & EXE DOWNLOAD:

Click download button to download

DISCLAIMER: The following program cannot be ensured of perfection.so any flaws in the program can be notified in the comments section.


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A C++ PROGRAM TO OVERLOAD STREAM OPERATORS

COMPILER EMPLOYED: DEV C++ COMPILER-4.9.9.2

SOURCE FILE SIZE :1 kb

EXE FILE SIZE :575 kb

NOTE: PLEASE INCLUDE THE DESIRED HEADER FILE

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C++ PROGRAM SOURCE & EXE DOWNLOAD:

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DISCLAIMER: The following program cannot be ensured of perfection.so any flaws in the program can be notified in the comments section.


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Your's friendly,

[MOHANRAM.G],
ADMIN...

USER DEFINED CONVERSIONS


User-defined conversions allow you to specify object conversions with constructors or with conversion functions. User-defined conversions are implicitly used in addition to standard conversions for conversion of initializers, functions arguments, function return values, expression operands, expressions controlling iteration, selection statements, and explicit type conversions.

There are two types of user-defined conversions:

  • Conversion by constructor
  • Conversion functions
The compiler can use only one user-defined conversion (either a conversion constructor or a conversion function)
when implicitly converting a single value. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A C++ PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT USER DEFINED CONVERSIONS

COMPILER EMPLOYED: DEV C++ COMPILER-4.9.9.2

SOURCE FILE SIZE :1kb

EXE FILE SIZE :574 kb

NOTE: PLEASE INCLUDE THE DESIRED HEADER FILE

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C++ PROGRAM SOURCE & EXE DOWNLOAD:

Click download button to download

DISCLAIMER: The following program cannot be ensured of perfection.so any flaws in the program can be notified in the comments section.


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Your's friendly,

[MOHANRAM.G],
ADMIN...

CLASS TEMPLATE - LINKED LISTS



A class template provides a specification for generating classes based on parameters. Class templates are commonly used to implement containers. A class template is instantiated by passing a given set of types to it as template arguments.
The C++ Standard Library contains many class templates, in particular the containers adapted from the Standard Template Library, such as vector
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A C++ PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT LINKED LISTS USING CLASS TEMPLATES

COMPILER EMPLOYED: DEV C++ COMPILER-4.9.9.2

SOURCE FILE SIZE :3 kb

EXE FILE SIZE :580 kb

NOTE: PLEASE INCLUDE THE DESIRED HEADER FILE

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C++ PROGRAM SOURCE & EXE DOWNLOAD:

Click download button to download

DISCLAIMER: The following program cannot be ensured of perfection.so any flaws in the program can be notified in the comments section.


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Your's friendly,

[MOHANRAM.G],
ADMIN...

Friday, October 29, 2010

FUNCTION TEMPLATE-SORTING



A function template behaves like a function except that the template can have arguments of many different types (see example). In other words, a function template represents a family of functions. For example, the C++ Standard Library contains the function template max(x, y) which returns either x or y, whichever is larger. max() could be defined like this, using the following template:

In the first two cases, the template argument T is automatically deduced by the compiler to be int and double, respectively. In the third case deduction fails because the type of the parameters must in general exactly match the template arguments. This function template can be instantiated with any copy-constructible type for which the expression (y < href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operator_overloading" title="Operator overloading">overloaded.

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A C++ PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT SORTING BY USING FUNCTION TEMPLATES

COMPILER EMPLOYED: DEV C++ COMPILER-4.9.9.2

SOURCE FILE SIZE :3 kb

EXE FILE SIZE :580 kb

NOTE: PLEASE INCLUDE THE DESIRED HEADER FILE

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C++ PROGRAM SOURCE & EXE DOWNLOAD:

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DISCLAIMER: The following program cannot be ensured of perfection.so any flaws in the program can be notified in the comments section.

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Your's friendly,

[MOHANRAM.G],
ADMIN...

MULTIPLE INHERITANCE



Multiple inheritance refers to a feature of some object-oriented programming languages in which a class can inherit behaviors and features from more than one superclass. This contrasts with single inheritance, where a class may inherit from at most one superclass.

Multiple inheritance allows a class to take on functionality from multiple other classes, such as allowing a class named StreetMusician to inherit from a class named Human, a class named Musician, and a class named Worker. This can be abbreviated StreetMusician : Human, Musician, Worker.

Ambiguities arise in multiple inheritance, as in the example above, if for instance the class Musician inherited from Human and Worker and the class Worker inherited from Human. This is referred to as the Diamond problem. There would then be the following rules:

Worker         :  Human
Musician : Human, Worker
StreetMusician : Human, Musician, Worker
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A C++ PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT MULTIPLE INHERITANCE

COMPILER EMPLOYED: DEV C++ COMPILER-4.9.9.2

SOURCE FILE SIZE :3 kb

EXE FILE SIZE :580 kb

NOTE: PLEASE INCLUDE THE DESIRED HEADER FILE

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C++ PROGRAM SOURCE & EXE DOWNLOAD:

Click download button to download

DISCLAIMER: The following program cannot be ensured of perfection.so any flaws in the program can be notified in the comments section.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Your's friendly,

[MOHANRAM.G],
ADMIN...

EXCEPTION HANDLING - QUEUE



Exception handling is a programming language construct or computer hardware mechanism designed to handle the occurrence of exceptions, special conditions that change the normal flow of program execution.

Programming languages differ considerably in their support for exception handling (as distinct from error checking, which is normal program flow that codes for responses to adverse contingencies such as invalid state changes or the unsuccessful termination of invoked operations.) In some programming languages there are functions which cannot be safely called on invalid input data ... or functions which return values which cannot be distinguished from exceptions—for example, in C the atoi (ASCII to integer conversion) function may return 0 (zero) for any input that cannot be parsed into a valid value. In such languages the programmer must either perform error checking (possibly through some auxiliary global variable such as C's errno) or input validation (perhaps using regular expressions).

The degree to which such explicit validation and error checking is necessary is in contrast to exception handling support provided by any given programming environment. Hardware exception handling differs somewhat from the support provided by software tools, but similar concepts and terminology are prevalent.

In general, an exception is handled (resolved) by saving the current state of execution in a predefined place and switching the execution to a specific subroutine known as an exception handler. Depending on the situation, the handler may later resume the execution at the original location using the saved information. For example, a page fault will usually allow the program to be resumed, while a division by zero might not be resolvable transparently.

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A C++ PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT EXCEPTION HANDLING IN QUEUE

COMPILER EMPLOYED: DEV C++ COMPILER-4.9.9.2

SOURCE FILE SIZE :2 kb

EXE FILE SIZE :580 kb

NOTE: PLEASE INCLUDE THE DESIRED HEADER FILE

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C++ PROGRAM SOURCE & EXE DOWNLOAD:

Click download button to download

DISCLAIMER: The following program cannot be ensured of perfection.so any flaws in the program can be notified in the comments section.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Your's friendly,

[MOHANRAM.G],
ADMIN...

EXCEPTION HANDLING-STACK



Exception handling is a programming language construct or computer hardware mechanism designed to handle the occurrence of exceptions, special conditions that change the normal flow of program execution.

Programming languages differ considerably in their support for exception handling (as distinct from error checking, which is normal program flow that codes for responses to adverse contingencies such as invalid state changes or the unsuccessful termination of invoked operations.) In some programming languages there are functions which cannot be safely called on invalid input data ... or functions which return values which cannot be distinguished from exceptions—for example, in C the atoi (ASCII to integer conversion) function may return 0 (zero) for any input that cannot be parsed into a valid value. In such languages the programmer must either perform error checking (possibly through some auxiliary global variable such as C's errno) or input validation (perhaps using regular expressions).

The degree to which such explicit validation and error checking is necessary is in contrast to exception handling support provided by any given programming environment. Hardware exception handling differs somewhat from the support provided by software tools, but similar concepts and terminology are prevalent.

In general, an exception is handled (resolved) by saving the current state of execution in a predefined place and switching the execution to a specific subroutine known as an exception handler. Depending on the situation, the handler may later resume the execution at the original location using the saved information. For example, a page fault will usually allow the program to be resumed, while a division by zero might not be resolvable transparently.

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A C++ PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT EXCEPTION HANDLING-STACK

COMPILER EMPLOYED: DEV C++ COMPILER-4.9.9.2

SOURCE FILE SIZE :3 kb

EXE FILE SIZE :580 kb

NOTE: PLEASE INCLUDE THE DESIRED HEADER FILE

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C++ PROGRAM SOURCE & EXE DOWNLOAD:

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DISCLAIMER: The following program cannot be ensured of perfection.so any flaws in the program can be notified in the comments section.


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Your's friendly,

[MOHANRAM.G],
ADMIN...

HYBRID INHERITANCE



A program (frequently called "class") can be used to create a new program that will include the original characteristics of the original program, and it allows the replacement of some of those characteristics, and the addition of new ones.

One of the key characteristic of inheritance is the fact that changes ocurred in the original program (class) will automatically be incorporated in the programs using that class.

Inheritance is the meachanism by which a class can use the properties of another class. In c++ parlance, the class which inherits the properties of another class is called derived class and the class from which the properties are inherited is called base class.

Inheritance is the essence of OOP 'cos it provides reusable code. so the programmers effort is much abated beacause the code is already tested and debugged.

You can achieve Inheritance in many ways. The patterns in which you can classify this methodology are:

  1. Single Inheritance - no quite
  2. Multiple Inheritance
  3. Multi-Level Inheritance
  4. Hybrid Inheritance and
  5. Hierarchial Inheritance.

The above mentioned patterns of inheritance are very simple..as simple as kicking a football.

Single inheritance is the one where you have a single base class and a single derived class.

Ex: class base{
private:
..........
.....
public:
....
.....
};

class derived:"Mode" base
{
.......
.......
public:
}

"mode" can be private , public or protected. In public mode all the public data members and member functions of the base class become the public ones for the derived class and other data like protected and private of the base class is not inherited.

In private mode, public and protected data/ functions of the base class become the private data/functions of the derived class.Private data is never inherited.

In protected Inheritance, public and protected members of base class become protected members of the derived class and as said b4, private data is not inherited.

In Multiple inheritance, a derived class inherits from multiple base classes. It has properties of both the base classes. Suppose i wanna make a plant class.

for it's survival it needs sunlight for photosynthesis and water. so sunlight and water are 2 classes from which the plant class is derived.

class sunlight{...};
class water{......};
class plant : "mode" water,sunlight{........};

In Multi level inheritance, a class inherits it's properties from another derived class.

A--->b----->c

  • A is the grand parent
  • B is the child of A & parent of C.
  • so the class c inherits all the properties of A and B (as well as it's own data and member functions).

In hierarchial Inheritance, it's like an inverted tree. So multiple classes inherit from a single base class. It's quite analogous to the File system in a unix based system.

Finally, a hybrid inheritance pattern is a combination of any 2 of the above discussed patterns...
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A C++ PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT HYBRID INHERITANCE

COMPILER EMPLOYED: DEV C++ COMPILER-4.9.9.2

SOURCE FILE SIZE :3 kb

EXE FILE SIZE :580 kb

NOTE: PLEASE INCLUDE THE DESIRED HEADER FILE

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C++ PROGRAM SOURCE & EXE DOWNLOAD:

Click download button to download

DISCLAIMER: The following program cannot be ensured of perfection.so any flaws in the program can be notified in the comments section.


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Your's friendly,

[MOHANRAM.G],
ADMIN...

RTTI-SHAPE HIERARCHY



In programming, RTTI (Run-Time Type Information, or Run-Time Type Identification) refers to a C++ system that keeps information about an object's data type in memory at runtime. Run-time type information can apply to simple data types, such as integers and characters, or to generic objects. This is a C++ implementation of a more generic concept called reflection.

In the original C++ design, Stroustrup did not include run-time type information, because he thought this mechanism was frequently misused

In order for the dynamic_cast<> operation, the typeid operator or exceptions to work in C++, RTTI must be enabled.

With C++ run-time type information, you can perform safe typecasts and manipulate type information at run time.

RTTI is only available for classes which are polymorphic, which means they have at least one virtual method. In practice, this is not a limitation because a class that you intend to use polymorphically should generally have at least a virtual destructor, to allow objects of derived classes to perform proper cleanup.


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A C++ PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT RUN TIME TYPE INFORMATION

COMPILER EMPLOYED: DEV C++ COMPILER-4.9.9.2

SOURCE FILE SIZE :3 kb

EXE FILE SIZE :580 kb

NOTE: PLEASE INCLUDE THE DESIRED HEADER FILE

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C++ PROGRAM SOURCE & EXE DOWNLOAD:

Click download button to download

DISCLAIMER: The following program cannot be ensured of perfection.so any flaws in the program can be notified in the comments section.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Your's friendly,
[MOHANRAM.G],
ADMIN...

RUN TIME POLYMORPHISM - SHAPE HIERARCHY


In object-oriented programming, a virtual function or virtual method is a function or method whose behaviour can be overridden within an inheriting class by a function with the same signature. This concept is a very important part of the polymorphism portion of object-oriented programming (OOP).

The concept of the virtual function solves the following problem:

In OOP when a derived class inherits from a base class, an object of the derived class may be referred to (or cast) as either being the base class type or the derived class type. If there are base class methods overridden by the derived class, the method call behavior is ambiguous.

The distinction between virtual and not virtual resolves this ambiguity. If the function in question is designated "virtual" in the base class then the derived class's function would be called (if it exists). If it is not virtual, the base class's function would be called.

Virtual functions overcome the problems with the type-field solution by allowing the programmer to declare functions in a base class that can be redefined in each derived class.

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A C++ PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT RUN TIME POLYMORPHISM

COMPILER EMPLOYED: DEV C++ COMPILER-4.9.9.2

SOURCE FILE SIZE :3 kb

EXE FILE SIZE :580 kb

NOTE: PLEASE INCLUDE THE DESIRED HEADER FILE

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C++ PROGRAM SOURCE & EXE DOWNLOAD:

Click download button to download

DISCLAIMER: The following program cannot be ensured of perfection.so any flaws in the program can be notified in the comments section.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Your's friendly,

[MOHANRAM.G],
ADMIN...